On-edge stacker

ABSTRACT

An on-edge stacker for stacking envelopes comprises a transporter and diverter, an accumulator, a spider wheel for delivering diverted envelopes to a conveyor belt of the accumulator, and a propelling arrangement to a drive diverted envelopes to the spider wheel. The diverter includes a gate for intercepting and diverting envelopes from the transporter. The stacker includes a device for laterally offsetting envelopes. In one embodiment, the spider wheel is suspended in a free-floating manner against a spring load. The floating spider wheel displacement as a consequence of stack increase is sensed to energize the accumulator conveyor belt drive to reduce the displacement. The actuation of the envelope propelling arrangement is sychronized in correlation with the positions of spaces between legs of the spider wheel. In operation, a diverted envelope is aligned, selectively offset, and propelled into the spider wheel. The spider wheel deposits the envelope on-edge onto the conveyor belt and thusly stacks envelopes side-on-side in the accumulator.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/338,171, filed Apr. 14,1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,832 issued Jul. 9, 1991.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention:

This invention relates to apparatus and method for handling high volumebusiness mail and, in particular, it relates to in-line rotary inserterdevices having a plurality of hopper-held insert feeding assembliespositioned along conveyors for dispensing of inserts onto the conveyors,and having devices for stuffing envelopes with the inserts.

2. Prior Art and Other Considerations:

Many present mechanical devices for stuffing inserts into envelopesemploy conveyors for conveying stack-dispensed inserts to an envelopestuffing device. Multiple inserter devices rely on a plurality ofhoppers which are disposed along conveyors and which dispense insertsonto the conveyor in predetermined manner to result in collated packagesof inserts that are subsequently inserted into envelopes.

Increasingly widespread need in commercial and governmental institutionsis found for envelope inserting equipment that is capable of operatingat higher celerities with high reliabilities and short down-times.Problems associated with high-speed operation of such equipment aregenerally of a kind that do not exist or are inconsequential in lowerspeed operation. Such problems, for instance, relate to highaccelerations and decelerations of mechanical components and inserts andenvelopes, together with frictional, inertial, and other effectsaffecting moving equipment components and handled document materials.

Moreover, demands on accuracy of document material positioning andalignment in the course of its handling is greatly increased in highspeed operation.

Additionally, equipment down-time takes on a whole new meaning when highspeed operation is involved. Even a short down-time represents loss ofsignificant proportions of production runs and requires costly skilledoperator action in order to remedy the cause, as well as to resetpreprogrammed operation to obtain the required production.

The complexity of control and supervision of selectively utilizableoperations and functions for high speed in-line inserters and theassociated need for automatically sensing and acting upon a plurality ofcritical operating parameters and fault conditions, and otherconsiderations particularly related to efficient high-speed operationhave hitherto impeded technical progress toward achievement ofsatisfactory performance under high volume and high celerity conditions.

Prior art inserter devices include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,043,551 and4,079,576 to Morrison et al, 4,177,979 to Orsinger et al, 4,649,691 toBuckholz, No. 3,825,247 to Fernandez-Rana et al, 3,423,900 to Orsinger,2,621,039 to Kleineberg et al, and 3,809,385 to Rana.

In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention toprovide apparatus and method for automatically inserting into envelopesat high celerities a plurality of inserts in predetermined andpreprogrammed continuous manner and to further automatically processsuch insert-filled envelopes through diverting, flap-sealing, turn-over,stacking, and other operations associated therewith, all under computercontrol and supervision and to provide higher production rates thanheretofore practically feasible.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

U.S. Pat. No. 4,177,979 (Orsinger et al), entitled "Signature GatheringMachine", and commonly assigned herewith, is incorporated herein byreference.

In accordance with principles of the present invention, envelopes areconveyed from a hopper to an inserting station, where they are openedand inserts are inserted therein. The inserts are furnished by aplurality of modular insert hoppers which are positioned in line abovean endless insert conveyor of the pusher pin type. Envelopes havinginserts inserted therein are transported to a vacuum-belttransporter/diverter unit and are directed and transported thereby alongat least one path. The vacuum belt transporter/diverter unit comprises avacuum belt diverter for selective diversion and transport of insertedenvelopes to at least one of two paths, at least one of which pathsincluding a sealing module, a turnover module, and an on-edge stackingunit.

The entire inserter apparatus operates under computer control andsupervision that is preprogrammable. Automatic error handling and visualdisplay of operational status and program information are provided. Themain inserter apparatus operates substantially in continuous synchronousmode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from the following more particulardescription of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated inthe accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to likeparts throughout different views. The drawings are schematic and notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustratingprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagrammatic plan view of a preferred embodimentof an in-line rotary inserter according to present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic fragmental side elevational view of a main portionof the in-line rotary inserter apparatus (shown in FIG. 1) including apartial schematic side view of an envelope feed path mechanism;

FIG. 3 is a schematic partial detail top view of a vacuum gripper drumof the envelope feed path mechanism (shown in FIG. 2);

FIG. 3A is a schematic fragmental side elevational detail view of aportion of the inserter mechanism of the in-line rotary inserterapparatus shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 3B is a schematic top view of a partial detail of an insertion jamdetection arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3C is a schematic side view of a partial detail of the insertionjam detection arrangement depicted in FIG. 3B;

FIG. 4 is a schematic partial side elevation view of a speed changedevice of a modular rotary inserter station indicated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic partial detail side view of an insert thicknesssensing arrangement on a gripper drum of a modular rotary inserterstation indicated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic fragmented top view onto a portion of an insertconveying surface of an in-line rotary inserter of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic fragmented side elevational view of an insertdiverter of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic angled top view of a vacuum-belttransporter/diverter unit (in a viewing direction indicated by directionarrow 8 in FIG. 2);

FIG. 8A is a schematic vertical sectional view of a portion of FIG. 8(sectioned along center plane 248);

FIG. 9 is a schematic partial isometric view of salient features of asealing module (indicated in FIG. 1);

FIG. 10 is a schematic fragmented partial isometric view of a turnovermodule (indicated in FIG. 1);

FIG. 11 is a schematic partial fragmented front view and section of adiverter portion of an on-edge stacking unit indicated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is a schematic partial fragmented top view of the diverterportion shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a schematic partial fragmented side view and section of anon-edge stacking unit indicated in FIG. 1 and also partially shown inFIGS. 11 and 12;

FIG. 14 is a schematic partial fragmented top view (with an upperportion removed) of the on edge-stacking unit shown in FIG. 13; and

FIG. 15 is a schematic partial enlargement of a middle portion of theview given in FIG. 13 (showing additional details obscured and not shownin FIG. 13).

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An in-line rotary inserter apparatus is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1and comprises basically the following subsystems:

One or more rotary insert feeder modules 20, 22, 24, 26, for furnishinginserts from insert hoppers, each including an insert thicknessdetector;

an envelope feed station 30 for furnishing envelopes from an envelopehopper;

an inserting station 32 in which envelopes are inserted with insertsthat are collated and conveyed thereto upon a pin conveyor 34 (frominsert feeder modules);

a vacuum belt transporter/diverter unit 36 for transport and selectivediversion of inserted envelopes to at least one path, the vacuum belttransporter/diverter unit 36 providing selective diversion and transportto one of two paths, whereby at least one path comprises an envelopesealing module 38 that seals envelope flaps and that transportsenvelopes farther, and whereby the other one of said two paths mayalternately serve to receive incompletely inserted (faulty) envelopesdue to stuck envelopes, buckled envelopes, and the like; a turnovermodule 40 that receives sealed envelopes from an envelope sealing module38, turns them flap-side down, and further transports them; and

an on-edge stacking/diverter unit 42 (that also comprises an accumulator44) that receives envelopes from turnover module 40 and selectivelydiverts envelopes and stacks them on edge in accumulator 44 or passesenvelopes on to be further conveyed to additional handling equipment 46.

The in-line rotary inserter apparatus shown in FIG. 1 further comprisesa main computer 50 for operational control, supervision, andcoordination of individual units and modules interconnected therewith, adisplay/control console 52 to display operational information andreceive operator input commands, a skew detector arrangement 54 forsensing of misalignments of collated inserts being conveyed to insertingstation 32, and an insert diverter 56 for diversion of inserts (forinstance in case of errors in, damage to, or misalignments of inserts).Not specifically shown in FIG. 1 is an envelope diverter 33 (FIG. 2)which is provided in a location between envelope feed station 30 andinserting station 32 and which is disposed in a lower equipment region(below pin conveyor 34) along the envelope feed path for selectiveinterception of envelopes that have been stigmatized as being faulty. Asspecific inserts are intended to be inserted into specific envelopes(and are associated therewith), selective diversion of inserts by insertdiverter 56 in case of the occurrence of insert fault conditions isassociated with interception and diversion of corresponding envelopes inenvelope diverter 33 and vice versa. Thusly, if either inserts orassociated envelopes are stigmatized as faulty or otherwise desired tobe diverted, the corresponding associated envelopes or inserts,respectively, are also diverted in order to avoid empty envelopes orinserts without envelopes being handled and transported farther.Therefore, envelope diverter 33 also serves to selectively divert (underpreprogrammed control of computer 50) those envelopes for whom intendedassociated inserts have been diverted by insert diverter 56.

Overall operation of in-line inserter apparatus is described in U.S.Pat. No. 4,079,576 to Wilbur J. Morrisson et al., commonly assignedherewith, and the respective material in that patent is herebyincorporated by reference herein.

Referring now also to FIG. 2, a main track bed 60 is horizontallydisposed in the upper portion of a main base 62. Main track bed 60carries, in its upper portion, pin conveyor 34 for receiving (incollated manner) inserts from insert feeder modules 20, 22, and 26, andfor transporting (from left to right) such inserts past skew detectorarrangement 54 and insert diverter 56 to inserting station 32.Display/control console 52 is shown adjustably mounted above main trackbed 60. Insert feeder modules (20, 22, 26), skew detector 54, insertdiverter 56, and inserting station 32 are generally disposed above maintrack bed 60 in cantilevered bridging manner.

Envelope feed station 30 is disposed on and within main base 62 at theend thereof that is opposite to the end that carries insert feedermodules. The upper portion of envelope feed station 30 includes anenvelope hopper 66 and a hopper mechanism 68. A transverse pass 64,having first and second sloping walls 70 and 72, is disposed in upperportion of main base 62 between inserting station 32 and hoppermechanism 68. A fall region 74 is disposed above and upon first slopingwall 70. Envelope feed station 30 comprises envelope hopper 66, hoppermechanism 68 for withdrawing of envelopes from hopper 66 and for feedingof envelopes to a first gripper drum 76, a second gripper drum 78 fortransporting envelopes conveyed thereto by first gripper drum 76, a flapopener 80 to open envelope flaps of envelopes transported by secondgripper drum 78, and an envelope conveyor device 82, including anadjustable upper belt device 83, for conveying of envelopes from secondgripper drum 78, and an envelope conveyor device 82, including anadjustable upper belt device 83, for conveying of envelopes from secondgripper drum 78 to a vacuum gripper drum 84. Gripper drums 76 and 78(and their operation) are of generally conventional kind. Envelopediverter 33 is disposed proximate to the delivery end of envelopeconveyor device 82 to selectively intercept and divert envelope rejectsinto a reject catch bin. Vacuum gripper drum 84 delivers envelopes ontomain track bed 60 in readiness for inserting with inserts in insertingstation 32.

Flap opener 80 comprises a rotating rotor 88, having a rotary valvearrangement associated therewith for valving of vacuum to one or moresucker cups 90. Sucker cup 90 is disposed upon the periphery of rotor88, whose rotation (and valving of vacuum to sucker cup 90) issynchronized and properly phased with the rotation of second gripperdrum 76 so that the flap of an envelope transported by second gripperdrum 76 past flap opener 80 is momentarily grabbed and opened (unfolded)by sucker cup 90. A plow/sensor device 92, that is disposed justdownstream from flap opener 80 intercepts an opened flap and furtherbends it into the unfolded position as the envelope is transported byand upon second gripper drum 78. Plow/sensor device 92 is equipped witha photo-sensor to check correct flap opening and to detect if anenvelope is missing at the time when it should be present.

Envelope hopper 66 contains an envelope stack 94. Envelopes are stackedtherein in an orientation as indicated by a typical stacked envelope 96having a leading edge 100, a trailing edge 102, and an envelope flap 98folded along trailing edge 102 onto its lower face. Consequently,withdrawal of an envelope from the bottom of envelope stack 94 ontofirst gripper drum 76 is performed in an attitude and a direction thatprecludes catching of the flap of the next envelope. Transport of thewithdrawn envelope by first gripper drum 76 to second gripper drum 78results in an orientation of the envelope (upon second gripper drum 78),as it passes by flap opener 80, having unopened envelope flap 98 facingtoward flap opener 80. At this time, sucker cup 90 grabs envelope flap98 by vacuum action and hinges it about trailing edge 102 into an openposition during passage of the envelope (held by and transported uponsecond gripper drum 78). Opened flap 98 is thereupon intercepted byplow/sensor device 92 and thereby further unfolded, whilst sucker cup 90releases as its vacuum is vented and valved off in accordance with theoperation of the rotary valving arrangement of rotor 88.

Subsequently, an envelope is delivered and released onto envelopeconveyor device 82. Envelope conveyor device 82 comprises two drivenendless belts that nip therebetween an envelope delivered thereto andconvey it to vacuum gripper drum 84. A typical envelope will becontinuously transported from envelope conveyor device 82 to vacuumgripper drum 84.

The two drive belts (comprised in conveyor device 82) are arranged insuch a manner as to permit slippage of an envelope with respect to thebelt motion when the leading edge of an envelope, that is to bediverted, is stopped by a selectively interposable stop gate 86. For thepurpose of adjustment of this slippage, upper belt device 83 isadjustably mounted so that its position and orientation is manuallyadjustable (and lockable) to change the pressure in the nip against thelower belt, particularly in the vicinity of the delivery region tovacuum gripper drum 84. Such adjustment serves also to adapt operationof conveyor device 82 to handling of different envelope sizes,materials, etc. An envelope that is intended to be diverted, and that istransported by means of the envelope conveyor device 82, is inhibitedfrom farther motion by interposition of stop gate 86 for a sufficienttime so that it can no longer be gripped by the next correspondinggrippers of vacuum gripper drum 84 that pass by. After such time, stopgate 86 is moved out of the way of the envelope path and the envelopewill then be driven by the belts into a reject envelope bin located inenvelope diverter 33.

In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, stop gate 86 isinterposed into the path of each envelope conveyed by envelope conveyordevice 82 so that each arriving envelope that is intended for furthertransportation by vacuum gripper drum 84 is thereby registered in properposition. Stop gate 86 is moved out of the way to release each envelopeat the appropriate instant in time for gripping by the grippers ofvacuum gripper drum 84 and for further transportation thereby. Forenvelopes that are to be rejected and diverted, interposed stop gate 86is moved out of the way at a time when the envelope is free to be drivenby the belts of envelope conveyor device 82 into a reject envelope binlocated in envelope diverter 33 without being intercepted by grippers(that pass by) of vacuum gripper drum 84.

Envelopes delivered onto main track bed 60 are positioned by vacuumgripper drum 84 (as will be described hereinafter) for the insertingoperation with inserts in inserting station 32. Inserted envelopes aredelivered from inserting station 32 (from main track bed 60) through anip between a spring-loaded pressure roller arrangement 104 and a drivenconveyor belt arrangement 107 that rides about a pulley arrangement 108into fall region 74 of transverse pass 64 in the same orientation asreceived, i.e. with leading edge 100 leading and envelope flap 98trailing open (closeable over the top of envelope). A thusly deliveredinserted envelope thereby falls from conveyor belt arrangement 107 (andpulley arrangement 108) into fall region 74 and is guided during thefall by a deflector bar 106 so that it settles, thereafter, againstfirst sloping wall 70 of vacuum belt transporter/diverter unit 36 (FIG.1).

Referring now to FIG. 3, continuously revolving vacuum gripper drum 84schematically depicted therein comprises a first and a second face disc110 and 112 mounted on a drum 116, which in turn is rotatably supportedupon a drum axle 118 in accordance with conventional practice. Variousmechanisms (not shown here) are included in this assembly inconventional manner to perform the required conventional gripper drumfunctions. In accordance with principles of the present invention, avacuum disc 114 is further mounted on drum 116 between first and secondface discs 110 and 112. Vacuum disc 114 is provided with a plurality ofvacuum holes 120 that are connected via valving to a source of vacuumnot shown here. Vacuum holes 120 are disposed about the periphery ofvacuum disc 114 in a plurality of groups, whereby each group is disposedin predetermined relationship to the drum gripper mechanisms in alocation where an envelope is to be carried, and vacuum is valvedthereto automatically before an envelope is released by respectivegrippers on the gripper drum 84. Consequently, the envelope that isreleased by the grippers remains attached to vacuum gripper drum 84 uponvacuum holes 120 until it is delivered to its horizontal registeredposition on main track bed 60.

Partially depicted in FIG. 3 is a pair of stationary vacuum arms 122disposed on either side of vacuum disc 114. Vacuum arms 122 are mountedin cantilevered manner within main track bed 60 (indicated in FIG. 2)such as to reach above drum 116 and having their upper surfaceshorizontally disposed and substantially at the same level as the highestlevel of the periphery of vacuum disc 114. As an envelope is beingdelivered to its horizontal position on main track bed 60 and justsubsequent to its release from grippers of vacuum gripper drum 84, theenvelope is carried farther by the hereinabove described action ofvacuum disc 114 and is, thereby, transported onto stationary vacuum arms122 up to a mechanical stop (here not shown). Thereafter, vacuum holes120 are disconnected from the source of vacuum (by automatic action ofthe indicated valving that disconnects and vents vacuum holes 120). Aplurality of arm vacuum holes 124 disposed in the upper surface ofvacuum arms 122, and connected via valving to a vacuum source, is nowvalved to connect to a vacuum source for the duration of the envelopeinserting operation. As a consequence, the presently lower portion ofthe envelope is held down onto vacuum arms 122 in readiness for theinserting operation.

Referring now to FIG. 3A, a fragmented portion of the inserter mechanismof inserting station 32 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is shown therein. The variouscomponents are disposed in mutual positional relationshipsrepresentative of an early stage of the inserting operation. FIG. 3Adepicts pertinent components disposed in the lower region of insertingstation 32 including components specifically involved and associatedwith the inserting operation that are disposed on, in, and below maintrack bed 60 (FIG. 2) in the vicinity of the inserting station. Theelevational view of FIG. 3A represents a region located approximately inthe middle of FIG. 2 (viewed in the same direction) in enlarged form andincludes details that, for clarity's sake, have been omitted from FIG.2.

An upper part of vacuum gripper drum 84 and vacuum arms 122, includingarm vacuum holes 124, as hereinbefore described in conjunction with FIG.3, are shown here (in FIG. 3A) comprised in inserting station 32.Further comprised in inserting station 32 are stop fingers 125, suctioncups 125A, a pair of opening fingers 125B mounted on revolvable shafts125C, insert pushers 126, and spring-loaded drop rollers 126A. Ahorizontally disposed top plate 126B having a trailing end 126C ispartially shown (in a location substantially along track bed 60indicated in FIG. 2). Also indicated here is a leading portion ofconveyor belt arrangement 107. An envelope 127 is shown disposedsubstantially horizontally in a location upon vacuum arms 122 to whichit has been delivered by vacuum gripper drum 84 (and vacuum disc 114),as hereinbefore described. Envelope 127 has a top side 127A, a bottomside 127B, and a flap 127C that is held open in a slightly downwardlydirected orientation by and below trailing end 126C of top plate 126B.Also shown here is an insert stack package 198 disposed upon top plate126B and being propelled by insert pushers 126 toward the right forinsertion into envelope 127. The travel motion of the uppermost tips ofinsert pushers 126 in the course of a complete insertion cycle isindicated by phantom lines as locus pattern `L`. Locus pattern `L`follows approximately an horizontally elongated noose-shaped form.Insert pushers 126 are translated in a vertical plane along locuspattern `L` without changing angular orientation during the travelmotion of an insert cycle. Insert pusher 126 is shown in a positionduring the beginning of an insertion cycle. Other salient positions arealso indicated in dotted lines by pusher position 126', representing alow position near the end of the retraction portion of an insertioncycle, and by pusher position 126", representing the end of theretraction portion and the beginning of the insertion portion of aninsertion cycle. The apex of the travel motion of insert pusher 126 atthe point of travel direction reversal on the right end of locus pattern`L` is designated as insertion end `I`.

It should be recognized that, whereas certain components are shownsingly in FIG. 3A for the sake of simplicity and clarity of thedepiction and description, a plurality of identical components arenecessarily present and disposed in appropriately spaced parallelpositions perpendicularly to the plane of the depiction in front of orhidden behind each such component, as is customary in mail handlingequipment; for example, there is a plurality of stop fingers 125,suction cups 125A, insert pushers 126, drop rollers 126A, top plates126B, etc. Moreover, the depiction omits obstructing components thatcould be detrimental to clarity of understanding of theirinterrelationships and their functions.

As hereinbefore described in conjunction with FIG. 3, vacuum gripperdrum 84 conveys envelopes in a clockwise direction upwardly to ahorizontal position upon vacuum arms 122, as indicated by envelope 127in FIG. 3A. Envelope 127 is delivered to this position through a gapbetween trailing end 126C (of top plate 126B) and the periphery ofvacuum gripper drum 84 and is moved farther beneath the bottom surfaceof opening fingers 125B onto vacuum arms 122. At this time, openingfingers 125B have orientations that are approximately 80 degrees fromtheir shown orientation so that their tips substantially point towardone another. The envelope is stopped when its leading edge isintercepted by stop fingers 125, that were previously rotated into thesubstantially vertical orientation shown. The envelope's top side hasnow passed beneath and cleared opening fingers 125B by a small distance.In this position, the envelope's trailing flap 127C is held below thelevel of top plate 126B in the region of trailing end 126C thereof. Asdescribed before, bottom side 127B of envelope 127 is held down uponvacuum arms 122 due to the action of vacuum valved to arm vacuum holes124. Suction cups 125A descend now onto the envelope's top side 127Aand, having vacuum valved thereto, attach to top side 127A. Thereafter,suction cups are lifted up or retracted to the position shown, so thatthe envelope's top side 127A is thereby lifted up and separated frombottom side 127B and forms an open pocket, as shown here.

Opening fingers 125B are now rotated by their shafts 125C (one fingerclockwise and the other finger counterclockwise) by approximately 80degrees into the orientation indicated, so that their tips slide intothe opened pocket of the envelope; i.e. beneath top side 127A. Thisfinger position and orientation is now substantially along and parallelto the internal side edges of the opened envelope. Opening fingers 125Bhave a substantially rectangular or square C-channel-shaped thin-walledcross-section whereby the C-channel is disposed with a side wall facingdownwardly and its open side facing toward the middle of envelope 127 inthe orientation shown in order to reliably guide insert stack package198 into envelope 127 during the subsequent insertion operation. For thelatter purpose, opening fingers are customarily also provided withramp-like leading edges. As indicated, the height of fingers 125B issomewhat reduced in direction toward their tips and their tips aresmoothed and slightly rounded off to avoid sharp edges that might catchon the envelope during finger rotation therein and on inserts duringinsertion thereof.

Envelope 127 has now been readied for insertion as hereinabove describedand insert pushers 126, that have risen from beneath top plate 126B andthat have intercepted insert stack package 198 along its trailing edge,move horizontally toward the right and push insert stack package 198between opening fingers 125B into envelope 127. As indicated byinsertion end `I` of locus pattern `L`, insert pushers 126 push insertstack package 198 to a position vicinal to the hinge line of theenvelope's flap 127C. Thereafter, insert pushers 126 retract along locuspattern `L`, as indicated by arrows thereupon. Vacuum to suction cups125A and to arm vacuum holes of vacuum arms 122 is vented and valved offby now and drop rollers 126A descend onto the insert-filled envelope 127and nip it in spring-loaded manner onto driven conveyor belt arrangement107, whilst stop fingers 125 are pivoted in anti-clockwise direction outof the way of the envelope.

Envelope 127 is frictionally engaged by conveyor belt arrangement 107and is propelled toward the right and slides under and along suctioncups 125A. Envelope 127 thusly also withdraws from opening fingers 125B,which thereafter are rotated approximately by 80 degrees back to theorientation indicated hereinabove, having their tips substantiallypointing toward one another. The insert-filled envelope is propelledinto fall region 74, as hereinbefore described in conjunction with FIG.2.

The translational motion of insert pushers specifically along elongatednoose-shaped locus pattern `L` is provided in order to achieve two mainobjectives; the horizontal straight-line inserting motion and therearward and simultaneously downwardly curved retraction motion. Insertstack packages, being conveyed by pin conveyor 34 (FIG. 1) in main trackbed 60 along main base 62 by pusher pins 96 (FIG. 7), are seriatimtransported to the approximate region indicated by the location ofinsert stack package 198 disposed upon top plates 126B (in FIG. 3A).

Insert pushers 126 must be moved out of the way of a next insert stackpackage being conveyed to this region in the vicinity of the showninsert pushers 126 and are, therefore, disposed beneath top plates 126Bat that time, as indicated by locus pattern `L` and, for instance,insert positions 126' or 126" therealong. Thereafter, insert pushers 126are translated upwardly and eventually toward the right so that they areraised through gaps between top plates 126B, engage the trailing edgesof insert stack package 198, and push it horizontally to the right intoenvelope 127, as hereinbefore described.

Once insert package 198 is inserted in envelope 127, insert pushersretract from insertion end `I` and gradually sink downwardly beneath topplates 126B along the path indicated by locus pattern `L`. This rearwardand downward retraction, however, must not interfere with the nextenvelope that is being carried by then upon vacuum gripper drum 84 inclockwise direction upwardly. This is the reason for the graduallycurved path that, therefore, permits fastest possible downward andrearward retraction of insert pushers 126, while simultaneously allowingclearance for delivery of the next envelope upon vacuum gripper drum 84,and, also simultaneously, permitting an early downward retraction ofinsert pushers beneath to plates 126B to facilitate delivery of the nextinsert stack package thereupon. It should be borne in mind that theoperation of the components and mechanisms and thusly the transport ofinsert stack packages and envelopes are appropriately synchronized andphased and are intended to operate at high throughput rates.Consequently, travel distances are kept to a minimum and spacing betweenseriatim handled insert stack packages and envelopes, respectively, arealso kept as small as practical.

The translational motion of insert pushers 126 along locus pattern `L`is provided by a drive mechanism (disposed beneath insert pushers 126and below top plate 126B and not shown here) that comprises a trolley,upon which insert pushers 126 are mounted, and which is free to travelhorizontally upon a trolley bar arrangement that, in turn, is cam-drivenvertically up and down. The horizontal translation of the trolley isprovided by an endless chain drive about two horizontally displacedsprocket arrangements. Appropriate dimensional and phasing relationshipsbetween these trolley drive arrangements provide the locus pattern `L`.

Referring now to FIGS. 3B and 3C, an insertion jam detection arrangementthat is schematically depicted therein and that is disposed in insertingstation 32 (FIG. 1, 2, and 3A), comprises a horizontal and a verticalretroreflective sensing arrangement. The horizontal sensing arrangementcomprises a photosensor 128 and a retroreflective target surface 128Athat are mounted within inserting station 32. The vertical sensingarrangement comprises a pair of photosensors 128B and 128C (hiddenbehind 128B) and a pair of retroreflective target surfaces 128D and 128Ethat are disposed upon the top surfaces of each of the opening fingers125B. Target surfaces 128A, 128D, and 128E are of conventionally usedretroreflective material, for instance retroreflective adhesive tape orpads as customarily used in conjunction with photosensors. Envelope 127is shown in the same position as also depicted in FIG. 3A, beingdisposed in inserting station 32 in readiness for insertion of an insertstack package. Opening fingers 125B are shown as depicted in FIG. 3A,i.e. having their tips disposed within the opened pocket of envelope127.

A horizontal sensing beam 129 is directed by photosensor 128 onto targetsurface 128A and is reflected thereby back into photosensor 128 whichsenses any interruption of the beam therebetween. As shown, beam 129traverses at least the entire length of envelope 127 and is disposedslightly above the upper surface of the opened envelope 127 so that anobstruction of the beam in this region will be detected. For example,interruption of beam 129 will occur as a consequence of malfunctionssuch as for instance caused by damaged, misaligned, and buckledenvelopes having been fed to inserting station 32, or by envelopeshaving been buckled or curled up by opening fingers 125B (during theirrotation) trying to enter into the envelope pocket, for instance ifsuction cups 125A (FIG. 3A) malfunction. In general, any undesirablelifting up of a portion of envelope 127 into the path of beam 129results in detection of a fault condition. Horizontal beam 129 detectsnot only malfuctions associated with envelopes, but also problems causedby and during insertion of insert stack packages that result inenvelopes or inserts lifting into the path of beam 129. For instance,jamming by piling up of insert and envelope material will be detected.Sampling of the sensor signal at appropriate times during the insertioncycle provides signals that are capable of discerning the type ofmalfunction more specifically.

Vertical sensing beams 129B and 129C are directed by photosensors 128Band 128C, respectively, toward target surfaces 128D and 128E,respectively, and are reflected thereby back into the respectivephotosensors, provided that the beams are not interrupted. In thedepictions of FIGS. 3B and 3C, opening fingers 125B and therewith targetsurfaces 128D and 128E have entered into the opened pocket of envelope127. Consequently, sensing beams 129B and 129C are interrupted by thetop side of the open envelope 127. Vertical sensing beams 129B and 129Cprimarily serve for detection of the presence of a correctly openedenvelope (having both opening fingers 125B inserted therein) by samplingof the signals generated by photosensors 128B and 128C at theappropriate time during the insertion operation. It has been found thatthe insertion jam detection arrangement, comprising the combination ofthe hereinabove described horizontal and vertical retroreflectivesensing arrangements, is capable of detecting most, if not all, faultconditions that can potentially occur in the course of an insertingoperation, whether they are caused by actual insertion malfunction ordue to damaged or misaligned inserts or envelopes (or absences ofenvelopes). As a consequence of detection of a fault condition,appropriate action is taken automatically (under control of theequipment's computer system), for example either by subsequent diversionof damaged or jammed material or by stoppage of the equipment and faultlocation indication for the operator's attention.

Referring to FIG. 4, a speed change device 130 is disposed within eachinsert feeder module, for example insert feeder module 20, and serves toselectively change drive speed of the insert feeder operation, ingeneral between normal speed and half speed (in relationship to thespeed of pin conveyor 34). Speed change device 130 comprises an angledrive box 132 for driving the mechanism of insert feeder module 20 via abox axle 134, a box drive shaft 136 upon which a first and a secondpulley 138 and 140 are mounted on either side of angle drive box 132,and a first and a second clutch pulley 142 and 144, both pulleys beingborne in free-running manner upon a clutch drive shaft 146, and eachpulley comprising a clutch half coaxially disposed therewith; namely afirst clutch half 148 being comprised in first clutch pulley 142 and asecond clutch half 150 being comprised in second clutch pulley 144.

Further comprised in speed change device 130 is a clutch shaft 152,disposed coaxially upon clutch drive shaft 146 between first and secondclutch pulleys 144 and 146, that is secured to clutch drive shaft 146(or that may be of unitary structure therewith). A double-sided clawclutch 154, including a clutch securing means 156, is borne coaxiallyslideably upon clutch shaft 152. Claw clutch 154 is selectably securableto clutch shaft 152 by clutch securing means 156 to either engage firstclutch half 148 (as shown) or second clutch half 150 for driving ofeither first clutch pulley 142 or second clutch pulley 144,respectively. Clutch securing means 156 may be any conventional deviceused for such purposes, for instance screws, and claw clutch 154 may beslideably keyed upon clutch shaft 152 in conventional manner.Appropriate bearings, that are not specifically shown here, are providedfor box drive shaft 136 and for clutch drive shaft 146. Clutch driveshaft 146 is provided with an inserter drive pulley 158 secured to oneend thereof. An inserter drive belt 160 provides motive power toinserter drive pulley 158 from a here not shown motor-driven jack shaftlocated in main base 62 of the in-line rotary inserter apparatus of thisinvention.

First box pulley 138 is connected with first clutch pulley by a firstbelt 162 and second box pulley 140 is connected with second clutchpulley by a second belt 164. In an embodiment of this invention, asshown in FIG. 4, second clutch pulley 144 is of one half the diameter offirst clutch pulley 142 (while pulleys 138 and 140 are of the samesize). Consequently, whereas the shown clutch engagement of claw clutch154 with first clutch half 148 results in a first drive speedtransmitted to angle drive box 132, the alternate selectable clutchengagement of claw clutch 154 with second clutch half 150 results in adrive speed transmitted to angle drive box 132 that is one half of thefirst drive speed. Naturally, other preselectable speed change ratiosmay be chosen by appropriate choices for relative pulley diameters.

The half-speed facility for insert feeder module 20 (or any other insertfeeder module of the apparatus) is generally preselected for operationwhen inserts are to be processed that may be difficult to handle by aninsert feeder module at the high speeds of the apparatus, as forinstance given by inserts from very thin materials. However, in orderthat the speed of the entire apparatus need not be slowed down for suchmaterials, for example two or more insert feeder modules handling theparticular difficult-to-handle inserts are used to provide such inserts,each operating at one half of the speed of other insert feeder modules,thusly being capable of providing the required high delivery rate ofeven the difficult inserts to pin conveyor 34 and thereby to insertingstation 32 in appropriate synchronism with the operation of theapparatus.

Referring now to FIG. 5, insert thickness detector 28, disposed in everyinsert feeder module (for example in insert feeder module 20), comprisesan insert gripper drum disc 166 of an insert gripper drum employed fortransport of inserts between insert hopper and pin conveyor 34, adetector caliper assembly 168, and a Hall sensor device 170. Insertgripper drum disc 166 includes a first and a second anvil 172 and 174that are adjustably secured to a face thereof at its periphery and thatare spaced substantially by 180 degrees. Anvils 172 and 174 arepositioned on the face of insert gripper drum disc 166 such that theirperipheral surfaces are flush or slightly raised above the periphery ofinsert gripper drum disc 166. Detector caliper assembly 168 comprises acaliper arm 176, a follower roller 178 rotatably mounted at one endthereof, a permanent magnet 180 mounted at the other end of caliper arm176, a caliper pivot 182 upon which caliper arm 176 is rotatablymounted, and a tension anchor spring 184 that is, at one end thereof,attached to caliper arm 176 and that is anchored by an anchor 186.Anchor 186, caliper pivot 182, and Hall sensor device 170 are attachedto the frame structure of insert feeder module 20 (not specificallyshown here). Hall sensor device 170 is disposed in close proximity tomagnet 180, senses lateral relative displacement thereof, and generatesan electrical signal corresponding to such displacement. Gripper drumdisc 166 is a face disc comprised in an insert gripper drum assemblywhich is rotatably borne within the frame structure of insert feedermodule 20.

Follower roller 178 rolls upon periphery of drum disc 166 and uponperipheral surfaces of anvils 172 and 174, as it is spring-loadedthereagainst by the action of anchor spring 184 upon caliper arm 176.Follower roller 178 also rolls over any insert, for instance an insert188, that is disposed upon periphery of drum disc 166. Caliper arm 176pivots about caliper pivot 182 in dependence on the radius of rotationof each point on the periphery of drum disc 166, of anvils 172 and 174,and of insert 188. This pivoting action causes magnet 180 to moverelative to the stationary Hall sensor device.

In operation, the insert gripper drum revolves about its axis carryinginserts held (gripped) upon its periphery and transporting such insertsin generally conventional manner. In particular, inserts are carriedupon the periphery of drum discs, specifically as shown in FIG. 5 byexample of insert 188 disposed upon insert gripper drum disc 166. Insert188 is disposed over first anvil 172. Anvils 172 and 174 are adjusted tohave their peripheral surfaces concentric about the axis of rotation ofgripper drum disc 166, since the periphery of the latter may not besufficiently concentric with respect to its rotational axis tofacilitate its use as a fixed reference for insert thicknessmeasurement. The signal generated by Hall sensor device 170 correspondsto the radius followed by follower roller 178 about the axis ofrotation. In particular, this signal is sampled during the time whenanvils 172 and 174 pass by follower roller 178. Correctly adjusted anvilpositions result in identical signals (in absence of insert 188) that,therefore, reflect equal radii (of rotation) for both anvils. Presenceof insert 188 causes a lifting of follower roller 178 by the thicknessof insert 188 and a consequent relative change in signal generated byHall sensor device 170 that provides an accurate measure of thickness ofinsert 188.

Anvils 172 and 174 are not required in another embodiment of insertthickness detector 28, wherein the respectively sampled signals fromHall sensor device 170, corresponding to positions of inserts upongripper drum disc periphery (in absence of such inserts), are stored bya computer and used as reference signals to compute signals reflectingthickness of particular inserts when present. Consequently, lack ofconcentricity (and inaccuracies in roundness) of insert gripper drumdisc 166 about its axis of rotation is compensated without a need foranvils 172 and 174 and any positional adjustment and calibrationthereof.

Insert thickness detector 28 is used in insert feeder modulesparticularly as a so-called "miss and double detector" to detect faultyequipment operation such as given by an absence of an insert (when thereshould be one present) and the presence of more than one insertthickness (indicating an undesirable fold, multiple insert feed fromhopper, and other faulty conditions). Generally, Hall sensor devicesignals are compared with preset limits, corresponding to thicknessranges, to allow for permissible insert thickness variations andtolerable dimensional structural changes as, for instance, might occurin operation due to temperature variations, due to backlash, mechanicalwear, vibration, etc.

Referring now particularly to FIG. 6 in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2,skew detector arrangement 54 is disposed on and above main track bed 60and comprises a skew detector bridge 190 having a plurality ofdownwardly-looking photosensors mounted therein and a plurality ofretro-reflectors 192 disposed below skew detector bridge 190 upon theupper surface of main track bed 60. Skew detector bridge 190 isindicated in dotted lines in FIG. 6 so as not to obscure the depictionof other components. Pin conveyor 34 (indicated by dash lines) isdisposed below the surface of main track bed 60 and comprises, in twoparallel rows, a plurality of equi-spaced upwardly pointing pusher pins196 (two of which are shown here) which protrude above main track bed 60through slots 194 and which move therein along main track bed 60. Atypical insert stack package 198 (indicated by phantom lines) isindicated as it is pushed along and upon the surface of main track bed60 by the appropriate pair of pusher pins 196, being conveyed therebyfrom inserter modules to envelope stuffing station 32.

Photosensors in skew detector bridge 190 are directed towardretro-reflectors 192 so that the presence of an insert or an insertstack is sensed. In particular, the sensing operation of thephotosensors is timed in synchronism with the conveying motion of pinconveyor 34 and leading and trailing edges of insert stack package 198are sensed in a plurality of transversal locations across main track bed60 over retro-reflectors 192. Detected signal levels of individualtransversal photosensors are compared for relative transversal incidencetiming by sensing of relative obstruction of retro-reflector areas byinsert stack package edges. Evaluation processing of these signals isperformed in dependence on machine speed (speed of pin conveyor 34),thusly establishing limiting tolerance levels for permissible insertpackage stack skew and other misalignments (for instance also relativemisalignment of individual inserts in an insert stack package) as afunction of machine speed. Such limiting tolerance levels arepreprogrammable in order to provide allowance for different insertmaterials and, particularly, to pre-establish automatic rejectionthreshold limits for insert stack package skew and misalignment (also asa function of machine speed).

Referring now to FIG. 7, insert diverter 56 is schematically depictedfragmented in side elevation as it is disposed upon main base 62 (seealso FIGS. 1 and 2). Also indicated here is a pusher pin 196 of pinconveyor 34 as it pushes insert stack package 198 along upper surface ofmain track bed 60 (from left to right). Insert diverter 56 comprises adiverter housing 200, an insert reject catch tray 202, and a divertpulley system 204. Although disposed within main base 62, a selectivelypositionable two-position reject gate 206 including its actuationmechanism is a part of insert diverter 56. Divert pulley system 204comprises a motor-driven divert drive roller/pulley 208, a motor-drivenbelt drive pulley 210, and a triple pulley belt arrangement 212 inmutual engagement via an endless divert belt 214. Triple pulley beltarrangement 212 comprises a floating idler pulley 216 which is carriedon a here not shown lever that freely pivots about the axis of beltdrive pulley 210 and that is spring-loaded against an adjustable stop inclock-wise direction. This lever also carries an idler lever pivot 222which is linked by a here not shown link to the axle of a take-up idlerpulley 218. This link is spring-loaded (about axis of idler lever pivot222) in counter-clockwise direction to keep divert belt 214 tensioned. Afixed idler pulley 220 is mounted in fixed position within housing 200.Resiliently tensioned divert belt 214 is driven by belt drive pulley210. It should be clearly understood that, whereas for clarity's sakethe above description is given in singular terms for pulleys 208 and 210and for triple pulley belt arrangement 212, a plurality of substantiallyidentical components in spaced parallel arrangement is necessarilypresent in the described relationship in order to provide appropriateoperation. Thus, for instance, at least two pulleys 208, 210, 216, 218,and 220 and two belts 214 are required (the second and any further setsbeing hidden in FIG. 7).

In operation, when an insert stack package, for example package 198, isto be rejected, reject gate 206 is actuated to turn to its upward rejectposition 224 from its by-pass position 226 below the surface of maintrack bed 60. Insert stack package 198 is consequently pushed ontoreject gate 206 by the normal conveying motion from pusher pins 196,having its leading edge lifted upwardly and guided into a reject nipregion 228 between divert belt 214 and divert drive roller/pulley 208.Insert stack package 198 is grabbed in nip region 228 and diverted andlifted upwardly away from the path of pusher pins 196 (of pin conveyor34), and it is transferred into insert reject catch tray 202. Upondiversion of a rejected insert stack package, reject gate 206 isreturned to its by-pass position 226. Reject gate positioning isperformed in conventional manner, for instance by a spring-loadedsolenoid in response to appropriate energizing signals for example frommain computer 50 (or a subsidiary system thereof). For example,excessive misalignment or skew of an insert stack package sensed by skewdetector arrangement 54 (described hereinbefore) initiates the divertaction in insert diverter 56.

Referring now to FIG. 8, vacuum belt transporter/diverter unit 36 isschematically depicted as seen perpendicularly to its angled uppersurface (corresponding to first sloping wall 70 in FIG. 2) in a viewingdirection indicated by direction arrow 8 in FIG. 2. Vacuum belttransporter/diverter unit 36 comprises first sloping wall 70, fallregion 74, and deflector bar 106, as hereinbefore described. Vacuum belttransporter/diverter unit 36 further comprises an enclosed stand 230upon which first sloping wall 70 is disposed and within which varioushere not shown components are included. Vacuum belt transporter/diverterunit 36 also includes (substantially disposed upon first sloping wall70) at least a first vacuum belt 232 and it may include also a secondvacuum belt 234. Further comprised in vacuum belt transporter/diverterunit 36 (and substantially disposed upon first sloping wall 70) is anassist slip roller arrangement 236, a first and a second advance rollarrangement 238 and 240, a lower guide 242 which is adjustable to suitdifferent envelope widths, an upper guide 244, and a leading portion ofa flap guide 246.

First and second vacuum belts 232 and 234 are of identical structure,except that first vacuum belt 232 has its upper surfaces driven towardthe left side and second vacuum belt 234 has its upper surfaces driventoward the right side. When second vacuum belt 234 is present, it servesto selectively divert and transport inserted envelopes toward the rightto further equipment, which may comprise various envelope handlingequipment not specifically described herein or which may comprisesubstantially similar or identical units to those described herein (forthe left side); for example including a continuation of a vacuum belttransporter/diverter unit as shown here in FIG. 8, except that this unitwould be then in form of a mirror image with respect to a verticalcenter plane 248. Alternately, second vacuum belt 234 (when present) mayserve for selective diversion of envelopes that have been inserted withinserts, but that have been stigmatized as faulty, for instance becauseof errors or damage having occurred during insertion such that rejectionbecomes necessary.

Vacuum belt 232 comprises a plurality of endless belts 250 (for instanceflat belts) driven upon appropriate pulleys and disposed side-by-sideand spaced apart by a small distance, having their upper surfacesdisposed substantially slightly above the surface of first sloping wall70 and having their upper surfaces move toward the left. Below uppersurfaces of endless belts 250, a block is arranged having a plurality oforifices 252 disposed in its upper surface and having its upper surfacedisposed substantially in the plane of the surface of sloping wall 70.Orifices 252 are disposed in spaces between endless belts 250 and areconnected via selectively actuatable valving to a vacuum source. Aninserted envelope 254, having a flap 255, is indicated here by phantomlines in a position (in fall region 74 indicated in FIG. 2) to which ithas been delivered from inserting station 32 along main track bed 60upon conveyor belt arrangement 107, as hereinbefore described. Selectivevacuum valving actuation, providing vacuum to orifices 252 (or tocorresponding orifices in second vacuum belt 234), causes insertedenvelope 254 to be drawn onto endless belts 250 and thereby results insufficient friction between belts 250 and envelope 254 to causetransport of envelope 254 toward the left (or toward the right, ifcorresponding orifices in second vacuum belt 234 are selectivelyprovided with vacuum). If first vacuum belt 232 is exclusively usedduring a particular production run or if second vacuum belt 234 is notpresent, and thusly envelope diversion is only intended toward the leftside, valving of vacuum to orifices 252 at the appropriate instant intime when an envelope has been delivered onto vacuum belt 232 may beomitted in favor of having vacuum connected continuously to orifices252.

Assist slip roller arrangement 236 comprises a driven lower roller (notvisible here) that is disposed below sloping wall 70 with its peripheryreaching substantially to the surface level of sloping wall 70, and anupper roller 256 in spring-loaded peripheral contact with the lowerroller. For this purpose, upper roller 256 is borne upon a spring-loadedcrank arrangement 260 that is attached to sloping wall 70. Assist sliproller arrangement 236 provides relatively low friction properties withrespect to envelope 254, particularly to facilitate partial slippage ofthe envelope in a perpendicular direction to the direction of transportmotion, as will be described hereinafter.

First and second advance roll arrangements 238 and 240 are constructedsubstantially similarly to assist slip roller arrangement 236, exceptthat their frictional properties do not have to allow envelope slippage.Roll arrangements 238 and 240 provide for farther transport oradvancement of inserted envelopes toward the left. Lower guide 242 isdisposed along the lower portion of the face of vacuum belttransporter/diverter unit 36 for guiding of the lower edge of insertedenvelope 254 as it is transported in unit 36. Upper guide 244, having aleading portion at a slightly larger distance from lower guide 242 thanits trailing portion, is disposed along a part of the upper portion ofthe face of vacuum belt transporter/diverter unit 36 and serves to guidethe upper edge of inserted envelope 254 into substantial alignmenttherewith and with the lower guide 242, as envelope 254 is transportedin unit 36. In order to provide for such alignment, a slight slippage ofenvelope 254 transverse to the direction of transport is facilitated byprovision of relatively low friction in assist slip roller arrangement236 in a perpendicular direction to the transport motion. Variousconventional measures to lower such friction may be utilized. Forinstance, roller surface material may be of relatively low frictionalproperties, such as for example given by high-density polyethylene,rollers may be crowned, spring-loading force between the roller pair maybe reduced, etc.

In respect to the above description of a preferred embodiment of rollerarrangements, it should be understood that either the assist slip rollerarrangement 236 or the first advance roll arrangement 238 or botharrangements can be dispensed with, provided the distance between theenvelope engagement by the first vacuum belt 232 and the engagement bythe remaining closest roller arrangement is appropriately adapted sothat an envelope is reliably engaged and transported from first vacuumbelt 232 to being delivered by vacuum belt transporter/diverter unit 36to further equipment. Thus, for instance, removal of assist slip rollerarrangement 236 will permit a transporter envelope (that leaves theengagement with first vacuum belt 232 and that may be in a slightlyskewed orientation) to fall upon lower guide 242 and align itselftherewith, being assisted in this alignment by the lead-in of upperguide 244. The inertia of the moving envelope will carry it further indirection of its transport motion until it is nipped between the rollersof the next advance roll arrangement 238 (or 240, if 238 has beenremoved) and is transported thereby further. Removal of arrangement 236and/or 238 and the consequent need for reliance on inertial envelopetravel for a short distance limits somewhat the range of envelope sizesand masses handleable by the equipment. However, it has been found thatreliable operation is achieved over a surprisingly large range of sizesand masses that amply satisfy the needs of normal commercialapplications. It will be appreciated that removal of one or both ofthese roll arrangements provides for advantages in economy in spacerequirements and in equipment cost, albeit at some limitation inuniversal applicability. Of course, when the equipment is intended forthe widest range of envelope properties, arrangements 236 and 238, asdepicted in FIG. 8, are retained.

First and second vacuum belt 232 and 234, assist slip roller arrangement236 and first advance roll arrangement 238 are either separately poweredand driven or they are driven by conveying and transporting drives ofmain track bed 60 that eventually deliver inserted envelope 254 tovacuum belt transporter/diverter unit 36, as hereinbefore described.Second advance roll arrangement 240 is driven from (and at a speed inaccordance with the requirements of) the follow-up equipment to whichvacuum belt transporter/diverter unit 36 feeds inserted envelopes. Thetransporting speed of second advance roll arrangement 240 may be lowerthan the speed of conveying drives of main track bed 60. In anembodiment of the present invention, this follow-up equipment is sealingmodule 38, as hereinbefore described in conjunction with FIG. 1. Inorder to accommodate a difference in driving speeds, second advance rollarrangement 240 employs an overriding clutch in the drive to its drivenlower roller so that inserted envelope 254, upon entering the nip ofsecond advance roll arrangement 240, does not buckle, but is allowed tobe fed to it at a higher speed until it is engaged only by secondadvance roll arrangement 240, whereupon it is farther transportedthereby at the lower drive speed thereof.

Deflector bar 106, also depicted in FIG. 2, is partially shown in FIG. 8in the region of its mounting to the lower portion of sloping wall 70and is also shown in FIG. 8A in section along center plane 248(indicated in FIG. 8). Deflector bar 106 is shaped to deflect aninserted envelope being delivered thereunder so that the envelope'sleading edge contacts bar 106 and slides thereon downwardly until itstops upon lower guide 242 (as indicated by position of shown envelope254) before the envelope's lower surface contacts vacuum belt 232 (andvacuum belt 234, if present). Deflector bar 106 may be comprised of oneor more appropriately shaped bars to provide the described envelopeguiding action in a secure manner, for instance also to avoid skewing orother misalignment of an envelope, during its delivery into fall region74 (FIG. 2). Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8A, deflector bar 106 maycomprise in regions of its lower surface (facing first sloping wall 70)brushes 261 to enhance the described guiding action and to reduce bounceof envelope 254 as it impacts upon the bristles of brushes 261 duringdelivery into fall region 74. Brushes are conventionally used in manydifferent devices for sheet and envelope handling, in particular forlow-friction guidance and force-application as sheets and envelopes aremoved in sliding contact with and past such brushes. The bristles ofbrushes 261 are downwardly oriented in direction of deflection ofenvelopes being delivered under bar 106.

In operation, delivered envelope 254 is selectively diverted either tobe transported to the right or to the left by appropriately selectivevalving of vacuum to second or first vacuum belt 234 or 232,respectively. Assuming envelope 254 is transported to the left, it isengaged by assist slip roller arrangement 236 and farther transported tobe engaged by first advance roll arrangement 238 and second advance rollarrangement 240, whilst it is aligned between lower and upper guides 242and 244 to assure correction of any envelope skew or misalignment. Upperguide 244 is appropriately curved to assist in such alignment. Envelope254 may be slowed down, once it becomes engaged by second advance rollarrangement 240, to conform to the transport speed requirements ofsubsequent follow-up equipment, for instance sealing module 38, ashereinbefore indicated. During transport of envelope 254 into the regionbetween roll arrangements 238 and 240, the leading portion ofappropriately curved flap guide 246, that is disposed above sloping wall70 leaving sufficient distance therebetween to clearly pass theinsert-filled envelope 254, intercepts the at least partially open andlifted-up flap 255 (of envelope 254) from therebelow. In farthertransport of envelope 254, flap 255 remains now guided above and uponflap guide 246.

In reference to FIG. 9, envelope sealing module 38 depicted thereincomprises a console 262 having a sloping surface 264 disposed incontinuation of and in line with sloping wall 70 of the vacuum beltdiverter unit 36 (FIG. 8), and, mounted upon console 262 and disposed inthe region of the upper edge thereof, a flap guide bracket 266 with flapguide 246 mounted thereon, a flap diverter 268, a plow bracket 270 withan upper flap plow 272 mounted thereon, a turn-down guide 274, and a zipedge marker or zip break marker 276. Envelope sealing module 38 furthercomprises, mounted upon console 262, a cantilever bridge 278 havingdisposed in its upper horizontal cantilevered region a flap moistenerarrangement 280, a plurality of freely revolving flap closer rolls 282of resilient foam material, and an adjustable lower guide bar 284.Further comprised in envelope sealing module 38 is a plurality of driventransport belts 286 of the endless kind disposed in the plane of andlongitudinally along sloping surface 264. Not shown here is a pluralityof spring-loaded pressure rollers, also comprised in envelope sealingmodule 38, that are disposed above and along sloping surface 264 so thatenvelopes transported upon and by transport belts 286 (from left toright) are pressed thereupon to provide adequate frictional engagement.Additionally, envelope sealing module 38 includes an upper guide bar 288that is disposed along the upper edge of sloping surface 264. Insertedenvelope 254 with its flap 255 is indicated in phantom lines as itenters the envelope sealing module 38 from the right side; i.e. beingdelivered thereto by vacuum belt diverter unit 36 in alignment betweenupper and lower guide bars 288 and 284.

Flap moistener arrangement 280 includes a shallow pan 290 that holds athin pad 292 for roughening and moistening of envelope flaps. Pan 290 isfed with pumped water at appropriately low flow rates and it is providedwith a drain for return of the liquid to a tank to prevent overflowingand to discharge and thusly exchange fluid to achieve appropriatecontinuous envelope flap moistening capability. Roughening andmoistening pad 292 may be of any one of a variety of wettable andliquid-permeable (coarse felt-like or brush-like) materials to providefor feed of moisture substantially by wicking action therethrough to itsupper surface. Further, pad 292 has an appropriately coarse surfacetexture to achieve a certain degree of roughening and to result inreliable wetting of the adhesive layer on an envelope flap duringmoistening thereof as an envelope flap slides over the pad. Variousconventional materials may be used for such purposes. For example,plastic coarse felts or brushes can be used. A preferred choice is aso-called "scrubber pad", which is a coarse felt-like plastic padmaterial that is commercially available for household and industrialcleaning purposes. Flap moistener arrangement 280 also includes a lowerflap plow 294 that protrudes from (and is in smooth continuation of) theupper surface of cantilever bridge 278 toward the right and that isgently downwardly curved with its leading tip disposed below trailingend of flap guide 246. The upper horizontal portion of cantilever bridge278 (at its end closest to sloping surface 264) clears sloping surface264 by a distance that is sufficient to allow envelopes filled withinserts to pass therebetween, while the corresponding envelope flap (inthe region of its adhesive layer) slides over upper surface of pad 292,keeping contact therewith and thusly being roughened and moistenedthereby.

As hereinbefore described in conjunction with FIG. 8, flap guide 246protrudes with its leading portion onto vacuum belt transporter/diverterunit 36, wherein it intercepts flap 255 by entering below the at leastpartially opened flap 255. Thereafter, flap guide 246 keeps guiding flap255 in the described manner until this flap-guiding function is passedon to lower flap plow 294 or upper flap plow 272, depending on theposition of a diverter arm 296 comprised in flap diverter 268. Flapdiverter 268 also contains a spring-loaded solenoid actuator forselective positioning of diverter arm 296 to one of two positions,namely into the position shown that guides flap 255 onto lower flap plow294, or into a retracted position within the housing of flap diverter268 that permits flap 255 to pass over upper flap plow 272. Turn-downguide 274 is mounted at its upper rear edge and allows clearance betweenits lowest downward facing surface and sloping surface 264 so thatinsert-filled envelope 254 may pass therebetween. Turn-down guide 274 isshaped to intercept partially open flap 255 and bend it downwardlytoward its closed position so that it enters beneath flap closer rolls282 substantially in such closed position.

The lower surface of the trailing portion of upper flap plow 272 isshaped and disposed above pad 292 so that a flap of an envelope thatpasses therebetween is pressed upon pad 292 having its adhesive layerappropriately moistened and roughened thereby in readiness for sealing.Zip break marker 276 is disposed above the upper portion of slopingsurface 264 so that it may selectively mark the envelope's upper edge,for example with a mark used to distinguish a particular envelope. Zipbreak marker 276 is of conventional design as commonly used in mailhandling equipment.

In operation, for example envelope 254 is delivered in aligned positionto envelope sealing module 38 (from the right side), as shown. With itsflap 255 guided by flap guide 246, envelope 254 is transported to haveits flap moistened by pad 292, if diverter arm 296 is positioned asshown. Envelope 254 is farther transported and has its now moistenedflap bent downwardly by turn-down guide 274, whereupon it enters withits flap turned down into closed position beneath resilient flap closerrolls 282 that press down onto flap 255 to assure sealing thereof.Envelope 254 may be marked by zip break marker 276 as it passes thereby.Envelope 254, now properly sealed, is transported farther (to the left)and delivered to further handling equipment, specifically now toturnover module 40 whose envelope entry is aligned with and disposedimmediately adjacently to the delivery or exit end of envelope sealingmodule 38.

As it is selectively actuatable, diverter arm 296 may be selectivelyretracted into the housing of flap diverter 268. In this case, whendiverter arm is withdrawn from the path of envelope flap 255 and doesnot, therefore, guide flap 255 beneath upper flap plow 272, flap 255passes over flap plow 272 (well above and out of the way of pad 292) andthereby bypasses the moistening operation. Thereafter, the envelope ishandled as hereinabove described (except that it is not sealed). Variousreasons exist when selective bypassing of sealing is required. Forinstance, an error may have been sensed in prior stuffing or otheroperation, or it may simply be a particular job requirement that certainor all envelopes remain unsealed. As computer 50 tracks sequentially andassociatively each item handled and any errors sensed, it also providescontrol for selective diversion, extraction, rejection, marking, etc. ofspecific individual envelopes.

Referring now to FIG. 10, turnover module 40 depicted therein comprisesa housing structure 300, a driven belt/pulley system 302 mounted thereinfor turning over of envelopes delivered thereto, a delivery entry 304for entry of envelopes delivered thereto from envelope sealing module38, a delivery egress 306 for delivering turned over envelopes inhorizontal (face-up) orientation to further equipment, for instance toon-edge stacking/diverter unit 42, a rear platform 308 and a frontplatform 310 upon which turned over envelopes are conveyed to egress306, a platform guide 312 for alignment of envelopes conveyed to egress306, and a turn guide rod 314 to guide envelopes during turnover.Belt/pulley system 302 includes a motor-driven drive pulley 316, anarrow lower trailing turn pulley 318, a narrow upper trailing turnpulley 320, a lower leading double pulley 322 that includes a leadpulley 326 and a further pulley, namely a drive disc 324 being indriving connection therewith (both having substantially the samediameter and being disposed coaxially and in parallel being spaced apartby a small distance), a narrow upper lead pulley 328, an endless elasticresilient turn belt 330 having relatively high frictional properties andhaving a round cross-section, and an endless elastic resilient disc belt332 having also a round cross-section and relatively high frictionalproperties and being securely mounted in an appropriate groove about theentire periphery of drive disc 324. All pulleys are appropriatelyperipherally-grooved pulleys and are freely rotatably borne on axlesthat are mounted in housing structure 300, except that drive pulley 316is borne upon a horizontal motor-driven drive axle 333 and is driven ina clockwise direction of rotation.

Pulleys 318, 320, 322, and 328 are disposed in an orientation that issubstantially normal to the plane of envelopes delivered to turnovermodule 40, this plane being substantially coplanar with sloping surface264 of envelope sealing module 38 (FIG. 9). Turn belt 330 is mounted inbelt/pulley system 302 in the manner of a figure `8`, being continuouslydriven (in the direction shown by arrows) by drive pulley 316 andconnecting from the lower periphery thereof to the lower periphery oflead pulley 326 (and partially therearound) and further connecting tothe upper periphery of upper lead pulley 328 (and partiallytherearound). Further, turn belt 330 continues from the lower peripheryof upper lead pulley 328 and connects therefrom, via the upper peripheryof lower trailing turn pulley 318, to the upper periphery of drivepulley 316 (and partially therearound).

For clarity's sake of this description, the following auxiliarydesignations are made for portions of turn belt 330:

The portion between the upper periphery of lead pulley 326 and the lowerperiphery of upper trailing turn pulley 320 shall be designated as afront reach 334;

the portion between the lower periphery of upper lead pulley 328 and theupper periphery of lower trailing turn pulley 318 shall be designated asa rear reach 336; and

the portion between the upper periphery of lower trailing turn pulley318 and the upper periphery of drive pulley 316 shall be designated asan egress reach 338.

Relative locations of lead pulley 326, upper lead pulley 328, lowertrailing turn pulley 318, and upper trailing turn pulley 320 are suchthat front reach 334 and rear reach 336 of turn belt 330 are disposed inclose, but varying proximity to one another in a manner of being to somesmall degree twisted about one another (anticlockwise when viewed fromdelivery entry 304) along a large part of their lengths. Thusly, frontreach 334 of turn belt 330 resiliently crosses over and contacts rearreach 336 of turn belt 330 under substantial mutual contact pressure.Lead pulley 326 (together with drive disc 324 and the disc belt 332surrounding it) is disposed in a location such that the upper surface offront reach 334, where it rides in the groove of the upper periphery oflead pulley 326, is substantially in tangential alignment with the lowersurface of an envelope (in the proximity of the longitudinal centerlinethereof) being delivered at entry 304 to turnover module 40. Forexample, this is indicated by an envelope 340 (depicted by phantomlines) just entering turnover module 40 and making initial contact atits leading edge with front reach 334. Drive disc 324 (with its belt332) assists during initial capture of an envelope to prevent occurenceof a premature tilting (or sliding) thereof prior to its secureengagement in the nip between reaches 334 and 336. Transport motion ofdelivery of envelope 340 to turnover module 40 results in the envelope340 being nipped between reaches 334 and 336 and securely transportedthereby toward the right.

Turn guide rod 314 is mounted within housing structure 300. It isdisposed below reaches 334 and 336 and is curved so that its leadingportion gradually intercepts and slides along the (initially) uppersurface of envelope 340 (in the envelope's region below its middle) asit is being transported farther by and between reaches 334 and 336.Envelope 340' (shown in phantom lines) is representative of the positionand orientation which the farther-transported envelope 340 attains atthe time when it is intercepted and guided by guide rod 314. Arrows uponenvelopes 340 and 340' indicate the turning motion caused by cooperativeaction of the twist between reaches 334 and 336 and the curved guide rod314. Continued transport of envelope 340' in the nip between reaches 334and 336 causes continued turning of the envelope to the face-uporientation and position indicated by envelope 340" (shown by phantomlines) while envelope 340" continues being guided upon and slid alongcurved turn guide rod 314.

Turn guide rod 314 terminates adjoinedly in and may be attached to aslot/valley 342 of an upwardly ramped leading portion of front platform310. In this region, turn guide rod 314 and front platform 310 aredisposed above a larger portion of lower trailing pulley 318. The uppersurface of turn guide rod 314 is substantially level with the surface offront platform 310 in the adjoined region such as to provide a smoothtransition therebetween for envelope 340". Front platform 310 is mountedin housing structure 300 and has curved platform guide 312 adjustablymounted upon its upper surface. Also mounted in housing structure 300 isrear platform 308 having its rear edge disposed along housing wall 344and having a gradually upwardly curved leading ramp similar to theleading ramp of front platform 310. For clarity's sake, particularly ofthe depiction of the entire belt/pulley system 302, platforms 308 and310 are shown here in phantom lines. Platforms 308 and 310 are disposedsubstantially horizontally in a common plane and are spaced apart by agap 346 to clear egress reach 338. Egress reach 338 is disposedsubstantially in the plane of platforms 308 and 310 having its upperbelt surface reach slightly above the surfaces thereof to providefrictional conveying engagement with envelopes conveyed thereupon todelivery egress 306. Here not shown is a plurality of conventionalpressure brushes or rollers that are disposed above platforms 308 and310 and egress reach 338 to provide downward force upon envelopes ontoegress reach 338 to facilitate transport of envelopes thereupon. Aphotosensor 348 is disposed in platform 308 for sensing of envelopesthereupon to provide control and tracking information to computer 50 andto auxilliary control systems, particularly also for control andsupervision of subsequent equipment.

In the course of continued transport, envelope 340" is released from thenip between reaches 334 and 336 and is farther conveyed upon platforms308 and 310 by egress reach 338 (being pressed thereupon by pressurebrushes or rollers) toward delivery egress 306. The transport path of anenvelope from delivery entry 304 to delivery egress 306 is tiltedupwardly and toward the rear housing wall 344, while the envelope istransported between reaches 334 and 336, and almost horizontally andonly slightly directed toward rear housing wall 344 thereafter. Anenvelope that has reached platforms 308 and 310 is urged thusly toalignment along housing wall 344 by its transport action in addition tobeing urged thereto and aligned therealong by the curved shape ofplatform guide 312. Consequently, an envelope aligns itselfappropriately by slight slipping upon platforms 308 and 310 and egressreach (transversely to its direction of transport) and is delivered todelivery egress 306 and farther to subsequent equipment in a specificaccurate alignment. Platform guide 312 is adjustable for adaption todifferent size envelopes.

In brief recapitulation of the operation of turnover module 40, anenvelope delivered thereto in substantially tilted orientation, havingits flap-side facing generally upwardly and rearwardly, is captured bycrossing and mutually contacting reaches 334 and 336 (that are twistedabout one another) of driven turn belt 330 in the nip therebetween, istransported and turned over thereby, being aided in turnover by turnguide rod 314, and is conveyed in substantially horizontal orientation(flap-side down) in aligned manner to delivery egress 306 and thereby tosubsequent envelope handling equipment, for example on-edgestacking/diverter unit 42.

Referring to FIGS. 11 to 15, on-edge stacking/diverter unit 42 depictedtherein comprises a diverter section 350 to selectively pass on ordivert envelopes, a stacker section 352 for stacking of divertedenvelopes including a stacking spider 353, and accumulator 44 foraccumulating stacked envelopes.

Particularly referring now to FIGS. 11 and 12, diverter section 350comprises a base structure 354 (that is common also with stacker section352), an upper level 356 for receiving, diverting, and passing on ofenvelopes delivered thereto, and a lower level 358 to which envelopesare diverted for stacking. Further indicated in FIGS. 11, 12, and 14 isequipment that delivers envelopes to on-edge stacking/diverter unit 42,for instance turnover module 40 including photosensor 348.

Upper level 356 comprises a plurality of conventional pressure rollers360 that provide pressure onto envelopes against a drive roll 362 and adrive belt 364 which thusly convey envelopes upon upper level 356 (toright). Further comprised in the floor of upper level 356 is aselectively openable hinged divert gate 366 that is shown in its closedposition flush with the floor of upper level 356 and that is indicatedin its open position by dashed lines. Additionally, the floor of upperlevel 356 comprises a photosensor 368 for sensing of envelopes leavingtoward the right side to subsequent envelope handling equipment, a rearwall 370 and an adjustable aligner 372, the latter two serving foralignment of envelopes therebetween, being adjustable to differentenvelope widths. Aligner 372 is provided with a partial cutout abovedivert gate 366 to permit opening thereof. Above the floor of lowerlevel 358 (in the vicinity of the hinge of divert gate 366) is disposeda guide strip 373 to guide downwardly diverted envelopes onto the floor.Guide strip 373 is, for example, of Teflon or other low-frictionmaterial to promote downwardly sliding deflection of envelopes along itslower surface.

Lower level 358 comprises selectably operable adjustable length-stops374 and 376 that are ganged together for common positional shifts alongrear wall 370 to provide selectable envelope offset in stacking.Additionally, lower level 358 comprises an adjustable aligner 372' thatis ganged with aligner 372. Aligner 372' is spaced from the floor oflower level 358 to form an opening adequate to clear envelopes propelledtherethrough. Further comprised in and below the floor of lower level358 is a photosensor 378 for detection of envelopes diverted thereupon,a pair of rotatable paddles 380 mounted upon a common shaft bornebeneath floor of lower level 358, and an upper and a lower pair ofrotating nip rolls 382 and 384, respectively, each pair being borne upona separate shaft and one of said pairs being motor-driven so that anenvelope captured in the nip is transported toward stacking spider 353.

A curved arm 385 of resilient flat-spring-like material is freelypivotably disposed in the envelope path between nip rolls 382, 384 andstacking spider 353, as indicated in FIGS. 13 and 14, so that anenvelope that is propelled along this path is restrained from bouncing(and misaligning) once it has left the nip of the rolls. Arm 385 issecured to a pivotable mount 386 that is in turn appropriately mountedwithin the structure of the lower level 358 of diverter section 350. Arm385 is held in the position shown by its weight and allows an envelopeto pass slidingly thereunder on its way to stacking spider 353.

Paddles 380 are selectively commonly rotatable in increments of 180degrees with respect to the position shown in FIG. 13 by a motor via aconventional solenoid-actuatable one-half revolution clutch in responseto appropriate control signals. When rotated, ends of paddles 380protrude and move through appropriate clearance slots in floor of lowerlevel 358 so that their motion propels an envelope disposed thereuponinto the nip between nip rolls 382 and 384. For instance, an envelope388 (shown in phantom lines in FIG. 11) is falling from upper level 356to lower level 358, having been diverted by divert gate 366. Thisenvelope is indicated then as envelope 388' (in FIG. 13) subsequent toits diversion and resting now upon the floor of lower level 358. Asubsequent selective operation of paddles 380 (in clockwise rotation)propels envelope 388' as hereinabove described.

Referring now particularly to FIGS. 13 and 14, stacker section 352comprises a horizontally slidably adjustable table 390 that is partiallyborne in and upon base structure 354 (common also to stacker section352) in a telescoping manner, and stacking spider 353 which is borne intable 390 and which is motor-driven via a selectively energizable clutchin clockwise direction and that includes a timing disc revolvingcommonly therewith and a photosensor sensing the position of this timingdisc (not shown here). As will be described hereinafter in more detail,stacking spider 353 is borne in table 390 in a floating manner, beingfree to move for a short distance in a substantially horizontal planeaway from accumulator 44. Stacking spider 353 is spring-loaded towardaccumulator 44. Table 390 includes an upper surface 392 and a stackingsurface 394. Upper surface 392 is disposed at substantially the samelevel as or slightly lower than the surface of the floor of lower level358 in the adjoining region thereof. Stacking surface 394 is disposed ata lower level than upper surface 392 and adjoins a downwardly curvedextension thereof.

Stacking spider 353 further comprises a pair of parallel spider wheels396 and 396' commonly mounted and driven by a shaft 398. Spider wheel396 and 396' are identical in shape, having disposed about theirperipheries a plurality of equally spaced identical spider legs 400 ofgenerally sawtooth-like shape in a trailing orientation in reference totheir normal clockwise direction of rotation. Spaces between spider legs400 are such that a stuffed envelope may easily be disposed therein, asindicated for example by envelope 402 (depicted in phantom lines in FIG.13). Spacing between spider wheels 396 and 396' is somewhat less thanthe length of the shortest envelope that is required to be handled bythis equipment. Slidable adjustment of table 390 is provided foradaptation of this equipment to different size envelopes, in particularto different widths and it is, therefore, ganged to the adjustment ofaligners 372 and 372', as schematically indicated by dotted lines asgang connection 404 (FIG. 13).

Accumulator 44 is substantially a conventional stack accumulator devicethat is used to accumulate flat articles, such as documents, envelopes,and similar articles side-on-side in vertical orientation into stacks.Accumulator 44 is borne on table 390 and comprises a powered conveyorbelt arrangement 406 having its upper surface disposed slightly abovestacking surface 394, and a back plate arrangement 408 that includes aback plate 410 slideably and hingeably borne on a rod 412. Rod 412 ismounted upon table 390 in conventional manner (not shown here). Backplate 410 rests upon the conveyor belt of the conveyor belt arrangement406 and moves therewith along shaft 408 as an envelope stack 414accumulates and grows in thickness. Back plate 410 may be hingedupwardly about rod 412 for removal of stack 414 or a portion thereof.Powered conveyor belt arrangement 406 facilitates orderly accumulationof a stack by incrementally moving on-edge stacked envelopes in unisonin response to increasing stack thickness detected by a photosensor.This photosensor detects horizontal movement of stacking spider 353 dueto increasing stack thickness, as will be described in detailhereinafter.

When only short stacks of envelopes are to be handled and stacked inaccumulator 44, conveyor belt arrangement 406 need not be powered, butmay be free-running. In this case, sensing of stack accumulation by theaforementioned photosensor is not needed and stacking spider 353 neednot be arranged in the indicated floating manner.

Envelope stack 414 has an offset portion 416 disposed therein toillustrate the result of the hereinabove mentioned selectable envelopeoffset capability comprised in lower level 358 of the diverter section350. For instance, to distinguish a particular set of divertedenvelopes, for example by specific zip codes, because of particularcontents, or for any other reason, the indicated offset capability isprovided so that offset portion 414 may be recognized and selectivelyhandled subsequent to its accumulation in accumulator 44.

Referring now particularly to FIG. 15, the hereinbefore mentionedfloating manner in which stacking spider 353 is borne in table 390 isprovided by a floating drive suspension arrangement 500. FIG. 15 showsfloating drive suspension arrangement 500 (that has been omitted fromFIG. 13 for clarity's sake) in a partial schematic enlargement of amiddle portion of FIG. 13. As indicated in phantom lines, spider wheels396 (of stacking spider 353), including indicated spider legs 400, areborne upon and revolved by shaft 398. As hereinbefore described indetail (in conjunction with FIGS. 13 and 14), spider wheels 396transport envelopes, fed thereto substantially along and upon uppersurface 392 in horizontal orientation, to stacking surface 394 forside-on-side stacking in substantially vertical orientation. Floatingdrive suspension arrangement 500 serves to drive and suspend shaft 398so that stacking spider 353 is free to move for a short distance in asubstantially horizontal direction toward the left and away fromstacking surface 394 (and thusly from accumulator 44 - FIG. 13) towardwhich it is spring-loaded.

Floating drive suspension arrangement 500 comprises a worm reducergearbox 502, having shaft 398 as its output shaft, and being driven byan input shaft 504. Worm reducer gearbox 502 is supported via a rockerarm means 506 whose one end is securely mounted within table 390.Additionally, worm reducer gearbox 502 is supported in spring-loadedmanner by a spring loading means 508, comprising a guide rod 600 that issecured, at one end thereof, to a post 602. Post 602 is rigidly securedwithin table 390. The free end of guide rod 600 extends through aclearance hole in a bracket 604 which is rigidly attached to or is apart of the housing of worm reducer gearbox 502. A compression spring606 is threaded over guide rod 600 and, in pre-compressed manner,extends between post 602 and bracket 604 and thusly forces gearbox 502toward the right. A mechanical stop in form of a stop collar 607 limitsthe distance of possible travel of gearbox 503 toward the right. Stopcollar 607 is secured to the free end of guide rod 600 and contactsbracket 604 at the limit of floating travel of gearbox 502 (toward theright).

Input shaft 504 is coupled via a pin coupling 608 to drive axle 700.Drive axle 700 extends through and is borne by post 604 in anappropriate bearing therein. A drive pulley 702, that is attached to theend of drive axle 700, is driven via a belt (not shown here) by apowered drive mechanism (for stacking spider 353). Pin coupling 608couples the rotation of drive axle 700 to input shaft 504, whilepermitting axial displacement (as well as a small amount of angularmisalignment) therebetween.

It will be understood that rocker arm means 506 comprises at least twoparallel rocker arms or a unitary rocker arm having adequate bearinglengths (perpendicular to the plane of the depiction in FIG. 15) andrigidity to provide such support for gearbox 502 as to avoid anysubstantial angular and axial displacement of its shaft 398; in otherwords, to substantially avoid skewing and rocking motions of spiderwheels 396.

With reference to FIGS. 11 through 15, in operation of on-edgestacking/diverter unit 42, envelopes are serially delivered thereto (forinstance by turnover module 40) in horizontal orientation and alignmentsubstantially along rear wall 370 upon the floor of upper level 356(from left side in FIGS. 11 and 12). If divert gate 366 is in its closedposition, as shown, envelopes are conveyed toward the right for deliveryto further equipment. If divert gate 366 has been opened, for instanceby a solenoid, an envelope is diverted to lower level 358, as indicatedby envelope 388. Guide strip 373 aids in the proper diversion anddeflection of envelope 388 onto the floor of lower level 358. Envelope398 thusly falls upon floor of lower level 358, as indicated by envelope388' in FIG. 13, in the region between length-stops 374 and 376 andbetween rear wall 370 and aligner 372'.

Subsequently actuated clockwise rotation of paddles 380 propels envelope388' toward and into the nip between nip rolls 382 and 384 and, thereby,into a space between spider legs 400 of rotating spider wheels 396 and396'. An envelope propelled by nip rolls 382, 384 into a space betweenspider legs 400 is restrained from bouncing by the weight and inertia ofarm 385, as the envelope has to pass therebelow. Once an envelope hassettled in spider wheels 396 and is carried initially upwardly thereby,arm 385 pivot upwardly, being lifted by the envelope disposedthereunder, slides along and out of the way of the envelope, andthereafter pivots back downwardly (by gravity). Moreover, the action ofarm 385 ensures that an envelope does not bounce or otherwise move outfrom its proper location between spider legs 400, whilst being initiallylifted and rotated by spider wheels 396.

Appropriate timing of actuation of the rotation of paddles 380 to assurethat an envelope is propelled only into a space between legs 400 isobtained by the action of the timing disc and photosensor arrangement ofstacking spider 353, as hereinbefore indicated. Energization of theclutch to paddles 380 is inhibited at such times when the propulsion ofan envelope by paddles 380 would cause the envelope to impinge upon aspider leg 400. Thusly envelopes are propelled only into spaces betweenlegs 400 (one envelope per space).

Clockwise rotation of spider wheels 396 and 396' carries insertedenvelopes to stacking surface 394 and deposits them on-edge thereupon,as indicated by envelope 402. Additionally, trailing edges and tips ofspider legs continue to push deposited envelopes side-on-side onto theaccumulating envelope stack 414. It can be visualized that stack 414accumulates in a lateral alignment which is predetermined by the laterallocation of length-stops 374 and 376. Selectively operable commonrelocation of length-stops to different pre-established offset locationsthusly causes lateral envelope offset in stack 414, as for exampleindicated by offset portion 416 in stack 414.

Referring now also particularly to FIG. 15, in response to increasingstack pressure exerted by an accumulating envelope stack 414 back ontospider legs 400, spider wheels 396 move back resiliently (to the left)against the spring loading of its floating drive suspension arrangement500, allowing stack 414 to increase in thickness toward the left (thelast-stacked envelope contacts the adjacent tips of spider legs 400).Consequently, a photosensor 706, that is secured to the floating body ofworm reducer gearbox 502 and that has a viewing direction transverse tothe floating motion of floating drive suspension arrangement 500, isobstructed by and thusly detects a stationary flag 708 that is rigidlymounted upon post 602. The drive of conveyor belt arrangement 406 isenergized in response to this detection by photosensor 706 and moves theaccumulated envelope stack 414 toward the right. This movement and theconsequent relief of stack pressure allows floating drive suspensionarrangement 500 to move spider wheels 396 toward the right (in contactwith stack 414) until flag 708 is no longer seen by photosensor 706,whereupon the drive of conveyor belt arrangement 406 is deenergized. Asa result, stack and accumulating pressure is maintained withinappropriate limits and orderly stacking is assured, regardless of thethickness of an accumulating stack.

It should be understood that, when equipment is specifically intendedfor accumulating relatively short stacks, the floating drive suspensionarrangement 500 (including photosensor 706) may be omitted and theconveyor belt arrangement 406 may then remain unpowered andfree-running, such that its belts move directly in response toincreasing stack pressure. However, such a simplified stackingaccumulator arrangement, which may then also comprise only a rigid drivesuspension for spider wheels 396, is strictly limited to handling ofrelatively short envelope stacks.

In general, various photosensors indicated hereinbefore provide signalsfor tracking of handled envelopes and for interdependent control ofvarious actuations under supervision of main computer 50 and subsidiarycontrols and microprocessors throughout the in-line rotary inserterdevice of the present invention. These sensors particularly alsofacilitate asynchronous operation in further handling of envelopes thathave had inserts inserted therein. Whereas synchronous operation may beutilized, the asynchronous handling capability is preferred as it offersimportant advantages which will be understood in view of the foregoingdescriptions. It will be also understood that transporting of insertsand the therewith associated transporting of envelopes to insertingstation 32 is a substantially synchronous operation to the extent thatappropriate timing of arrival of mutually associated envelopes andinserts at inserting station 32 is essential.

Referring now again to FIG. 1, main computer 50 is interconnected withsubsystems and subunits, also including power supplies, drive motors,pumps and blowers, sensors, detectors, actuators, display stations (forexample display/control console 52), control stations, and otherelectrically operated and electrical signal-generating components eitherdirectly or via subsidiary or intermediate control and supervisoryunits, that may include individual microprocessors, to automaticallycontrol and supervise the operation of the in-line rotary inserterdevice of this invention in preprogrammed manner. For example, sensingof operational malfunctions, damaged, defective or misaligned items, andconsequent diversion and rejection thereof, as well as compensationtherefor in subsequent operation, is automatically handled by maincomputer 50 in preprogrammed manner as it tracks inserts and envelopesindividually sequentially and associatively with their associatedcomplementary counterparts.

Furthermore, main computer 50 provides auxiliary system controlfunctions, such as, for instance, automatic start-up (and shut-down)sequencing of power and particularly motor power supplies for reducingpower surges and consumption (and noise), selective powering-up of aplurality of pumps for air, vacuum, and water in appropriate sections inaccordance with particular momentary demand, automatic cycling of pumps,selective shut-down of motors consequent to timed inactivities,selective stoppage or automatic shut-down of power upon malfunctioningof equipment portions, and for similar purposes. Individual malfunctiondisplay and reset control stations for individual inserter modules andother subsystems are located in the proximity of corresponding units andare interconnected with main computer 50. Whereas central overridingcontrol of the computer (and therewith of the operation of the entiresystem) is provided through display/control console 52, these individualmalfunction display and reset stations are provided, underpre-programmed computer supervision in appropriately interlocked manner,for local operator convenience, to localize malfunctions, and to directand assure local attention by operators in case of malfunctions.

In brief recapitulation of the general overall operation of the abovedescribed in-line rotary inserter according to principles of the presentinvention, the inserter feeds inserts from a plurality of insertermodules onto a moving pin conveyor, whereupon one or more such insertsare consequently accumulated in insert stacks that are conveyed to anenvelope inserting station. Envelopes are fed thereto from an envelopefeed station (from a hopper therein) and are inserted with inserts inthe inserting station. Therefrom, envelopes are transported via a vacuumbelt transporter/diverter unit to an envelope sealing module whereinthey are sealed, and farther via an envelope turnover module to anon-edge stacking/diverter unit including an envelope accumulator.

It should be noted that the above described in-line rotary inserterexhibits many significant and decisive advantages over previousinserters. For instance, continuous automatic operation under computercontrol and supervision provides for smooth uninterrupted operation atsignificantly higher throughput rates and with fewer and shorterdown-times than hitherto possible. Automatic sensing, rejection, anddiversion of faulty, misaligned, or damaged envelopes and insertswithout need for equipment shut-down and compensation therefor isfacilitated by automatic computer tracking of individual processeditems, which further improves throughput rate capabilities. Higheralignment accuracies throughout the device and improved reliability ofevery unit reduces occurrences of fault conditions. Increased reliablespeed capabilities of subsystems over maximum speed capabilities thathave been exhibited by prior equipment performing similar functionsheretofore is achieved by numerous mechanical and electricalimprovements as described in detail hereinbefore.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that various changes and modifications in formand details may be made therein without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property orprivilege is claimed are defined as follows:
 1. An on-edge stacker forstacking envelopes, comprising:means for receiving and transportingenvelopes; means including a conveyor belt for accumulating envelopes;means for stacking and delivering envelopes to said means foraccumulating; and, means for diverting envelopes received by said meansfor receiving and transporting, said means for diverting being operativein diverting envelopes to said means for stacking; wherein said meansfor receiving and transporting comprises an upper level including meansfor conveying envelopes therealong; and wherein said means for stackingand delivering comprises stacking spider means for capturing divertedenvelopes delivered thereto and for delivering envelopes side-on-sideonto said conveyor belt edge-on substantially in vertical orientation;and, wherein said means for diverting comprises:a lower level disposedbeneath said upper level; a divert gate disposed in said upper level,said divert gate being selectively openable to intercept and to divertenvelopes to said lower level; and, means for propelling divertedenvelopes along said lower level for delivery to said stacking spidermeans, said means for propelling including a rotatable paddlearrangement having substantially radially oriented paddles, said paddlesbeing operative in engaging trailing edges of envelopes diverted to anddisposed in said lower level and propelling the envelopes toward saidstacking spider.
 2. The on-edge stacker according to claim 1, whereinsaid means for stacking and delivering includes means for selectivelyoffsetting envelopes laterally with respect to the direction ofpropelling to said stacking spider means.
 3. The on-edge stacker ofclaim 2, wherein said means for selectively offsetting includes gangedlength stops that are commonly selectively off-setable.
 4. The on-edgestacker of claim 1, wherein said means for propelling further includesat least one pair of nip rolls having a nip therebetween, said nip rollsbeing operative in nipping and driving envelopes propelled thereto intosaid stacking spider means.
 5. The on-edge stacker according to claim 1,wherein said conveyor belt is unpowered and free-running.
 6. The on-edgestacker according to claim 1, wherein said conveyor belt is controllablyintermittently driven.
 7. An on-edge stacker for stacking envelopes,comprising:means for receiving and transporting envelopes; meansincluding a conveyor belt for accumulating envelopes; means for stackingand delivering envelopes to said means for accumulating; and, means fordiverting envelopes received by said means for receiving andtransporting, said means for diverting being operative in divertingenvelopes to said means for stacking; wherein said means for receivingand transporting comprises an upper level including means for conveyingenvelopes therealong; and wherein said means for stacking and deliveringcomprises stacking spider means for capturing diverted envelopesdelivered thereto and for delivering envelopes side-on-side onto saidconveyor belt edge-on substantially in vertical orientation, saidstacking spider means including at least one revolving spider wheel thatis driven and suspended in a floating manner so as to be free to movesubstantially horizontally against a spring-load in a direction awayfrom said means for accumulating; and, wherein said means for divertingcomprises:a lower level disposed beneath said upper level; a divert gatedisposed in said upper level, said divert gate being selectivelyopenable to intercept and to divert envelopes to said lower level; and,means for propelling diverted envelopes along said lower level fordelivery to said stacking spider means.
 8. The edge-on stacker of claim7, wherein said stacking spider means further comprises a floating drivesuspension, said floating drive suspension including:a gearbox fordriving and suspending said at least one revolving spider wheel; meansfor suspending said gearbox in a floating manner; means forspring-loading said gearbox away from said means for accumulating; meansfor driving said gearbox including means for coupling said means fordriving to said gearbox; means for detecting displacement of saidgearbox in a direction away from said means for accumulating; and, meansfor energizing and de-energizing and driving and stopping, respectively,said conveyor belt as a consequence of detection by said means fordetecting an increase and a decrease, respectively, in displacement ofsaid spider wheel from said means for accumulating.
 9. The edge-onstacker of claim 8, wherein said means for detecting includes aphotosensor.
 10. An on-edge stacker for stacking envelopes,comprising:means for receiving and transporting envelopes; meansincluding a conveyor belt for accumulating envelopes; means for stackingand delivering envelopes to said means for accumulating; and, means fordiverting envelopes received by said means for receiving andtransporting, said means for diverting being operative in divertingenvelopes to said means for stacking; wherein said means for receivingand transporting comprises an upper level including means for conveyingenvelopes therealong; and wherein said means for stacking and deliveringcomprises stacking spider means for capturing diverted envelopesdelivered thereto and for delivering envelopes side-on-side onto saidconveyor belt edge-on substantially in vertical orientation; and,wherein said means for diverting comprises:a lower level disposedbeneath said upper level; a divert gate disposed in said upper level,said divert gate being selectively openable to intercept and to divertenvelopes to said lower level; and means for propelling divertedenvelopes along said lower level for delivery to said stacking spidermeans; and wherein said stacking spider means includes at least onerevolving spider wheel having a plurality of spaces between legs thereoffor receiving diverted envelopes delivered thereto, said means forpropelling including a rotatable paddle arrangement includingsubstantially radially-oriented paddles, said paddles being operative inengaging the trailing edge of envelopes disposed in said lower level andpropelling the envelopes toward said stacking spider, said means forpropelling including synchronizing means for controlling the timing ofactuation of rotation of said paddles in dependence upon the angularposition of said spaces, so dependence upon the angular position of saidspaces, so that an envelope is propelled into one of said plurality ofspaces.
 11. A method of on-edge stacking of envelopes, comprising thesteps of:receiving and transporting envelopes in and along an upperlevel of a diverter section; diverting envelopes selectively from saidupper level to a lower level of said diverter section; propellingdiverted envelopes from said lower level into spaces between legs of aspider wheel, the step of propelling including the steps of:rotating apaddle arrangement having substantially radially-oriented paddles;engaging trailing edges of envelopes with said paddles; and movingenvelopes by said paddles toward said spider wheel; rotating said spiderwheel; delivering envelopes from said spaces of said spider wheel onto aconveyor belt edge-on substantially in vertical orientation; and,stacking and accumulating envelopes delivered onto said conveyor belt inside-on-side relationship; wherein the step of divertingincludes;selectively opening a divert gate in the floor of said upperlevel; and, intercepting envelopes that are transported during the stepof receiving and transporting with the opened said divert gate andthereby directing envelopes to said lower level.
 12. The methodaccording to claim 11, further including a step of selectivelyoffsetting envelopes laterally with respect to the direction ofpropelling prior to effecting the step of propelling.
 13. The method ofclaim 11, wherein the step of moving includes the step of nippingenvelopes between at least one pair of nip rolls and thereby drivingenvelopes into said spaces.
 14. The method according to claim 11,further including the step of synchronizing the step of propelling withthe step of rotating by controlling timing of actuation of the step ofpropelling in dependence upon the angular position of spaces betweenlegs of said spider wheel, so that the step of propelling effectspropelling of an envelope into one of said spaces.
 15. The methodaccording to claim 11, wherein the step of stacking and accumulatingincludes a step of intermittently driving said conveyor belt.
 16. Amethod of on-edge stacking of envelopes, comprising the stepsof:receiving and transporting envelopes in and along an upper level of adiverter section; diverting envelopes selectively from said upper levelto a lower level of said diverter section; propelling diverted envelopesfrom said lower level into spaces between legs of a spider wheel;rotating said spider wheel; delivering envelopes from said spaces ofsaid spider wheel onto a conveyor belt edge-on substantially in verticalorientation; and, stacking and accumulating envelopes delivered ontosaid conveyor belt in side-on-side relationship, the step of stackingand accumulating comprising a step of suspending said spider wheel infloating manner so as to be free to move substantially horizontallyagainst a spring load in a direction away from said conveyor; whereinthe step of diverting includes:selectively opening a divert gate in thefloor of said upper level; and, intercepting envelopes that aretransported during the step of receiving and transporting with theopened said divert gate and thereby directing envelopes to said lowerlevel.
 17. The method of claim 16, further including the stepsof:exerting backpressure onto said spider wheel by the increase inthickness of an envelope stack during the step of stacking andaccumulating; increasing displacement of said spider wheel from saidconveyor belt as a consequence of the step of exerting backpressure;detecting said increase in displacement effected during said step ofincreasing; driving said conveyor belt as a consequence of the step ofdetecting said increase, said driving being effected in a direction soas to decrease said displacement; detecting a decrease in displacementeffected during the step of driving; and, stopping the step of drivingas a consequence of the step of detecting said decrease.
 18. The methodof claim 17, wherein the steps of detecting are effected by photosensormeans.
 19. An on-edge stacker for stacking envelopes, comprising:meansfor receiving envelopes; means including a conveyor belt foraccumulating envelopes; means for stacking and delivering envelopes tosaid means for accumulating; and means for propelling envelopes fromsaid means for receiving to said means for stacking and delivering;wherein said means for stacking and delivering comprises stacking spidermeans for capturing envelopes provided by said means for propelling andfor delivering envelopes side-on-side onto said conveyor belt edge-onsubstantially in vertical orientation, said stacking spider meansincluding at least one revolving spider wheel that is driven andsuspended in a floating manner so as to be free to move substantiallyhorizontally against a spring-load in a direction away from said meansfor accumulating.
 20. The on-edge stacker according to claim 19, whereinsaid means for receiving includes means for selectively offsettingenvelopes laterally with respect to the direction of propelling to saidmeans for stacking and delivering.
 21. The edge-on stacker of claim 19,wherein said stacking spider means further comprises a floating drivesuspension, said floating drive suspension including:a gearbox fordriving and suspending said at least one revolving spider wheel; meansfor suspending said gearbox in floating manner; means for spring-loadingsaid gearbox away from said means for accumulating; means for drivingsaid gearbox including means for coupling said means for driving to saidgearbox; means for detecting displacement of said gearbox in a directionaway from said means for accumulating; means for energizing andde-energizing and driving and stopping, respectively, said conveyor beltas a consequence of detection by said means for detecting an increaseand a decrease in displacement of said spider wheel from said means foraccumulating.